What is a Hydraulic Pump?
What is a Hydraulic Pump?
What is a Hydraulic Pump?
A hydraulic pump is a mechanism that circulates fluid (usually hydraulic oil) under pressure in hydraulic systems. This pump provides movement and power in hydraulic systems by converting mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. Hydraulic pumps are an important component used in various industrial applications.
Hydraulic pumps are generally divided into three main types:
1. Gear Pumps: Gear pumps suck and pump liquid using the space between two gears or a pair of gears consisting of a gear and an internal gear. Gear pumps are widely used due to their simple design and low cost. However, their performance may be limited at high pressures and high viscosity liquids.
2. Piston Pumps: Piston pumps pump the liquid by rotating or moving back and forth around the rotation axis of one or more pistons. These pumps are generally used for high pressure applications and provide higher efficiency and durability. However, they have a more complex design and higher cost.
3. Ball Valve (Rotary Vane) Pumps: These pumps consist of ball valves that carry the liquid under pressure with rotational motion. They have a simple structure and are suitable for low to medium pressure applications.
Hydraulic pumps are used in many different areas of hydraulic systems, for example in construction machinery, industrial machinery, agricultural equipment and many more. The selection of the pump depends on factors such as application requirements, pressure and flow requirements, cost and durability.
Let's start by briefly describing what is a hydraulic pump. Hydraulic pump is the name given to a circuit element that converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. It is an equipment that absorbs the fluid from the tank and then presses it to the system according to the principle of increasing and / or decreasing volume with the rotational motion it receives from the electric motor or internal combustion engine. When it comes to hydraulic pump, most of us think that the pump exerts pressure. It is a general belief that it works with the pressure it receives and that its working principle works in accordance with this pressure. Hydraulic pumps do not create pressure. Pressure occurs due to the resistance to the flow of the fluid. In summary, pumps do not create pressure; There is a pressure that depends on the incoming resistance.
Hydraulic pumps are the power source for many dynamic machines. Pumps are equipment capable of delivering large amounts of oil from hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic motors. In this way, the pump converts the mechanical energy of the driver into hydrostatic energy. Hydraulic machines equipped with pumps can be used to perform different tasks such as lifting, lowering, opening, closing or rotating components. Different types of hydraulic pumps are used in hydraulic circuits according to the application conditions and the needs of the designed system. Before moving on to the hydraulic pump types, let's talk about how the hydraulic pump works.
Hydraulic pump working principle
Hydraulic pumps work according to the displacement principle. It has two main functions. It primarily creates a suction. The hydraulic pump creates a vacuum effect on the hydraulic oil in the oil tank with the pressure difference it creates, and the hydraulic oil absorbed from the tank with this effect is squeezed between the parts in the pump. Thus, pressure increase is provided. Hydraulic pump manufacturers, hydraulic pump; It produces depending on different functional and hydraulic system requirements, such as working environment, required pressure range, drive type and so on. There are a wide variety of design principles and configurations behind hydraulic pumps. Not every pump can meet all needs, for this there are 3 different pump types; gear pumps, vane pumps, piston pumps. Now let's examine the hydraulic pump types closely.
What are the types of hydraulic pumps?
Gear pumps
They are divided into external gear or internal gear. Gear pumps are simple in construction; It consists of two spur gears working with each other. Oil is sucked from the suction line with the gears and then taken between the gears and directed to the pressure line. It can go up to 200 bar pressures. It is a pump type that is easily found in the market due to its economy. The disadvantage is that; it may show low efficiency at high pressures and its service life may be low. Let's also give the information that there is a high noise level.
Vane pumps
Vane pumps are variable displacement. They can go up to 100 pressure. Another use of a vane pump is a vane pump. It is also known as the vane pump in the market. It is mostly preferred in machine tools and hydraulic circuits operating in closed areas. Unlike gear pumps, it has a low noise level, which is highly preferred. It is possible to say the following as a disadvantage; suction performance is lower than other pumps.
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Piston pumps
Piston hydraulic pumps are the type of pump that has the highest efficiency among the hydraulic pump types and can produce the highest pressures. There are different types such as inclined axis, fixed axis, variable and constant flow rate.Hydraulic pump malfunctions
Regardless of the pump type, each pump has its own maintenance conditions. Regular maintenance of the pump will increase the work efficiency as well as ensure the long life of your pump. We can list the common malfunctions in hydraulic pumps as follows;
Pollution problem
Cavitation problem
Faults caused by incorrect oil selection
Assembly errors due to improper assembly
Problems in commissioning