What is a Hydraulic Cylinder? What are the Hydraulic Cylinder Types?
What is a Hydraulic Cylinder? What are the Hydraulic Cylinder Types?
What is a Hydraulic Cylinder?
A hydraulic cylinder is the element of a hydraulic system that performs work at the exit point. Hydraulic Cylinders are called muscles that perform light work such as lifting, lowering, moving, pushing-pulling or locking heavy loads.
Linear mechanical movement is achieved by using hydraulic cylinder and fluid pressure.
A hydraulic cylinder generally consists of a piston, cylinder body, seals and inlet/outlet connections.
The operating principle of the Hydraulic Cylinder is quite simple. When hydraulic fluid is applied to one end of the cylinder, it causes the piston to move and produce mechanical force. This movement occurs by pushing the pressure of the hydraulic fluid from one side of the piston to the other. In this way, the output force of hydraulic cylinders depends on the applied hydraulic pressure and the surface area of the piston. This force is used in various industrial applications, from construction machinery to production lines.
Hydraulic cylinders have many advantages. These include high power, precise control, durability and a wide range of applications. These features increase the popularity of industrial and commercial use of hydraulic systems.
The pump is the 'generator' side of the system, bringing a constant or regulated flow of oil to the underside of the cylinder.This then moves the piston rod upward.Hydraulic cylinders convert pressure and oil flow in a hydraulic system into work, or mechanical force.They are used where linear motion is required to move something.
Hydraulic cylinders produce large forces and precise movement.Therefore, it is made of strong materials such as steel that can withstand the large forces involved.
How do Hydraulic Cylinders work?
Hydraulic cylinders, also known as hydraulic cylinders, derive their power from pressurized hydraulic fluid, normally hydraulic oil.
The hydraulic cylinder consists of a cylinder barrel in which a piston connected to a piston rod moves back and forth.The barrel is closed at both ends by the cylinder base – also called the cap end – and the cylinder head.The second is where the piston rod exits the cylinder.The piston has sliding rings and seals.The piston divides the inside of the cylinder into two chambers.First, the lower chamber or cover end and secondly, the piston rod side chamber, the 'rod end'.Hydraulic pressure acts on the piston to do linear work and motion.
Flanges, journals and/or yokes are mounted on the cylinder body.The piston rod also has mounting attachments to attach the hydraulic cylinder to the object or machine component it pushes.
The hydraulic cylinder is the actuator or 'motor' side of the system.The 'generator' side of the hydraulic system is the hydraulic pump, which brings a constant or regulated flow of oil to the underside of the hydraulic cylinder to move the piston rod upward.The piston pushes the hydraulic oil from the other chamber back into the tank.Assuming that the oil pressure in the piston rod chamber is approximately zero, the force applied to the piston rod is equal to the pressure in the hydraulic cylinder multiplied by the piston area (F=PA).
If oil is pumped into the piston rod side chamber, the piston moves downwards and the hydraulic oil from the piston area flows back into the chamber without pressure.Pressure in the piston rod area chamber (Pull Force) / (Piston Area – Piston Rod Area).
Double Acting Hydraulic Cylinders
Double acting hydraulic cylinders are an important component widely used in hydraulic systems. They have the ability to generate force in both directions. This means being able to apply force in both forward and backward motion directions. Here are the basic components and operation of double acting hydraulic cylinders:
Body (Pipe):
This part, which forms the outer shell of the cylinder, is usually made of metal or alloy and has a cavity in which the piston moves.
Internal Piston:
It is the part that moves inside the cylinder and is subjected to pressure. The piston has a seal or seal that serves to push the oil inside the cylinder forward and backward.
Piston Rod (Chrome Plated Rod):
This part, connected to the piston and extending outside the cylinder, is used to transmit force to the workpiece or other mechanism outside the cylinder.
Sealing Set (Seals and Gaskets):
It is used to maintain the pressure of the hydraulic fluid in the cylinder and prevent it from leaking out. This includes piston seals, tube seals and gaskets.
Rear and Front Connections:
These are fittings used to connect the cylinder to other components in the hydraulic system. This usually includes parts such as mounting flanges on the body of the cylinder or mounting pins on the end of the shaft.
Double-acting hydraulic cylinders are used in applications where hydraulic pressure is strong enough to push the piston in both forward and reverse travel directions. For example, they are frequently used in construction machinery, industrial equipment and agricultural machinery. These rollers are versatile as they are suitable for both pushing and pulling operations.
The hydraulic cylinder should only be used for linear pushing and pulling.No bending movements or side loads must be transmitted to the piston rod or cylinder.A cylinder should therefore ideally be connected using a single yoke with spherical ball bearing.This allows the roller to move and allows for any misalignment between it and the load it is pushing.
How to Choose a Hydraulic Cylinder?
There are a few important issues to consider when choosing a hydraulic cylinder: Your answers to the following questions are important for choosing the right hydraulic cylinder.
What are the Application Requirements?:
First, the requirements of the application in which the roller will be used or pushed must be considered. This includes factors such as the amount of load the cylinder must carry or push, travel distance (Cylinder stroke), cylinder speed, working environment.
What is the Strength and Movement Need?:
The force that the cylinder must produce and the amount of movement it must perform must be determined. This will determine the cylinder's diameter, piston area, and amount of pressure.
What is the Assembly and Dimension Requirement?:
The dimensions and geometry of the area where the cylinder will be installed must also be taken into account. The cylinder must comply with factors such as mounting direction, mounting type and available space.
What are the Working Environment Conditions?:
The characteristics of the environment in which the cylinder will operate should be taken into consideration. For example, if there is high temperature or low temperature, corrosive environment or chemical effects, appropriate materials and coatings must be selected.
What is the Need for Durability and Ease of Maintenance?:
The durability and maintenance requirements of the selected cylinder are important. A cylinder design that is long-lasting and easy to maintain should be preferred.
What is the Price and Cost Expectation?:
Of course, budget is also a factor. However, it is important not only to minimize cost but also to consider other factors such as efficiency, durability and performance.
Certification and Compliance:
It must be ensured that the cylinder complies with the standards and requirements of the industry in which it will be used. It is also important to obtain the necessary certificates and documents from the manufacturer or seller.
The choice of hydraulic cylinder is often made based on the requirements and characteristics of a particular application. Seeking professional advice and working with a reliable supplier will help select the right cylinder.
Hidrolik silindir Revizyonu / Hidrolik Silindir Tamiri
Hidrolik silindir revizyonu, hidrolik sistemlerde kullanılan silindirlerin bakımı ve yeniden düzenlenmesidir. Bu işlem, silindirin performansını artırmak, güvenliğini sağlamak ve işlevini optimize etmek için yapılır.
Revizyon süreci genellikle şu adımları içerir:
Değerlendirme:
Silindirin durumu incelenir ve sorunlu alanlar belirlenir. Bu, sızıntılar, aşınma veya hasarlı parçaların tespit edilmesini içerir.
Parça Değişimi:
İhtiyaç duyulan parçalar değiştirilir. Bu, conta, mil, yataklar gibi kritik parçaları içerebilir.
Temizlik ve Onarım:
Silindir parçaları temizlenir ve gerekirse onarılır. Bu, silindirin içindeki yağın değiştirilmesini, contaların yenilenmesini ve sızıntıları önlemek için gerekli diğer önlemleri içerebilir.
Montaj ve Test:
Silindir, revizyon işleminden sonra tekrar monte edilir ve test edilir. Bu, basınç testleri, sızıntı testleri ve işlevsel testleri içerebilir.
Dokümantasyon:
Revizyon sürecinin ayrıntıları kaydedilir ve belgelenir. Bu, gelecekteki bakım veya revizyon işlemleri için referans sağlar.
Hidrolik silindir revizyonu, silindirin ömrünü uzatır, performansını artırır ve beklenmedik arızaların önlenmesine yardımcı olur. Bu işlemi uzman bir teknisyen veya bir hidrolik sistemler uzmanı gerçekleştirmelidir.
İki veya daha fazla silindir 'paralel' veya 'seri' olarak kurulabilir. Delikler ve çubuklar daha sonra, hidrolik sistem içindeki ilk veya son silindire akış yönlendirildiğinde tüm çubukların eşit şekilde uzamasını ve/veya geri çekilmesini sağlamak için hizalanır. Bu, hidrolik silindirleri 'yeniden fazlama' olarak bilinir.
'Paralel' uygulamalarda, iç çap ve rot boyutları her zaman aynıdır ve hidrolik silindirler her zaman çift olarak kullanılır.
'Seri' uygulamalarda, delik ve rot boyutları her zaman farklıdır ve iki veya daha fazla hidrolik silindir kullanılabilir. Delikler ve çubuklar, sistem içindeki ilk veya son silindire akış uygulandığında tüm çubuklar eşit olarak uzayacak veya geri çekilecek şekilde boyutlandırılmıştır. Çubuk konumlarının bu hidrolik senkronizasyonu, hidrolik sistemde bir akış bölücü veya silindir çubukları arasında herhangi bir tür mekanik bağlantı ihtiyacını ortadan kaldırır.
Parts of Hydraulic Cylinder
A hydraulic cylinder consists of the following parts:
Cylinder Pipe
The cylinder barrel is mostly a seamless thick-walled forged tube that needs to be machined internally.The cylinder barrel is ground and/or internally honed.
Bottom or Cover
On most hydraulic cylinders, the barrel and bottom are welded together.This can damage the inside of the barrel if done poorly.For this reason, some hydraulic cylinder designs have a screwed or flanged connection from the cylinder end cap to the barrel.This type of cylinder barrel can be disassembled and repaired in the future.
Cylinder Head
The cylinder head is sometimes attached to the barrel with some kind of simple lock (for simple cylinders).However, generally the connection is screwed or flange.Flange connections are the best, but also the most expensive.A flange is welded to the pipe before machining.The advantage is that the connection is bolted and is always easy to remove.
Piston
The piston is a short, cylindrical metal component that separates the two sides of the cylinder barrel from the inside.The piston is often machined with grooves to fit elastomeric or metal seals.These seals are usually O-rings, U-cups or cast iron rings.They prevent pressurized hydraulic oil from passing from the piston side to the chamber on the opposite side.This pressure difference between the two sides of the piston causes the cylinder to extend and retract.
Piston seals vary in design and material to suit the pressure and temperature requirements of the hydraulic cylinder used.Generally speaking, elastomeric seals made of nitrile rubber or other materials are best in low-temperature environments, while seals made of viton are better for higher temperatures.Cast iron piston rings are the best seals for high temperature.
piston rod
The piston rod is typically a piece of hard, chrome-plated cold-rolled steel that attaches to the piston and extends from the cylinder through the rod end head.Double rod-end hydraulic cylinders use actuators with a rod extending from either side of the piston and each end of the barrel.The piston rod connects the hydraulic actuator to the machine component that does the work.This connection may be in the form of a machine thread or a mounting attachment such as a rod-fork or rod-eye.These mounting attachments can be screwed or welded to the piston rod, or sometimes they are a machined part of the rod end.
Hydraulic Cylinder Seal
The hydraulic cylinder head is equipped with seals to prevent pressurized hydraulic oil from leaking from the interface between the rod and the head.This area is called rod gland.It usually has another seal called a rod scraper that prevents contaminants from entering the hydraulic cylinder when the extended rod is retracted into the cylinder.The rod fitting also has a rod bearing.This bearing supports the weight of the piston rod and guides it as it passes back and forth through the rod packing.In some cases, especially on small hydraulic cylinders, the rod gland and rod bearing are made from a single integrally machined piece.
A hydraulic cylinder should be used for pushing and pulling only.No bending moments or side loads must be transmitted to the piston rod or cylinder.Therefore, the ideal connection of a hydraulic cylinder is a single yoke with spherical ball bearings.This allows for movement of the hydraulic actuator and any misalignment between the actuator and the load it is pushing.
Hydraulic Cylinder Design Types
Telescopic Hydraulic Cylinder
The length of a hydraulic cylinder is the sum of the stroke, piston thickness, base and head thickness, and the length of the links.Usually this length does not fit into the machine.In this case, the piston rod is also used as the piston barrel and a second piston rod is used.
These types of hydraulic cylinders are called telescopic cylinders.If we call the normal rod cylinder single stage, telescopic cylinders are multistage units with 2, 3, 4, 5 and even 6 stages.In general, telescopic hydraulic cylinders are much more expensive than regular cylinders.Most telescopic cylinders are single acting (thrust).Double acting telescopic cylinders are made to order.
Rod Type Hydraulic Cylinder
Rod type hydraulic cylinders use high-strength threaded steel rods to hold the two end caps to the cylinder barrel.This construction method is most commonly seen in industrial factory applications.Small diameter cylinders usually have 4 connecting rods, while large diameter cylinders may require as many as 16 or 20 connecting rods to hold the end caps under the tremendous forces produced.
The National Fluid Power Association (NFPA) has standardized the dimensions of hydraulic rod cylinders.This allows cylinders from different manufacturers to be interchanged within the same mounting parts.Rod type cylinders can be completely disassembled for service and repair.
We can supply standard and custom-made hydraulic cylinders, including tie rod hydraulic cylinders, to suit your specific application, requirements and operating parameters.Simply fill out our Bespoke Cylinder Design Form ; One of our hydraulic engineers will get back to you immediately.
Welded Body Hydraulic Cylinder
These hydraulic cylinders do not have connecting rods.The barrel is welded directly to the end caps.The ports are welded to the barrel and the front rod packing is then usually screwed or bolted to the cylinder barrel.This allows the piston rod assembly and rod seals to be removed for service.
Welded body cylinders have a number of advantages over rod type cylinders.For example, welded cylinders have a narrower body and generally a shorter overall length, allowing them to fit better into the tight confines of machines.Welded cylinders do not experience failure due to rod stretching at high pressures and long strokes.The welded design also lends itself to customization.
Additionally, special features can be easily added to the cylinder body.These include custom ports, custom mounts, valve manifolds, etc. may contain.The smooth outer body of welded cylinders also enables the design of multistage telescopic cylinders.
Additionally, welded body hydraulic cylinders dominate the mobile hydraulic equipment market.For example, in applications such as construction equipment (including excavators, bulldozers) and material handling equipment (forklifts and tail lift doors).They are also used in surface mining in heavy industry, such as cranes, oil rigs and large off-road vehicles.
Piston Rod Manufacturing
The piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder operates both inside and outside the barrel, and therefore both inside and outside the hydraulic fluid and surrounding atmosphere.
Hydraulic Cylinder Shaft Chrome Plated
Smooth and hard surfaces on the outer diameter of the piston rod and slip rings are desirable for proper sealing.Corrosion resistance is also advantageous.A layer of chrome can often be applied to the external surfaces of these parts.However, chromium layers can be porous – attracting moisture and eventually causing oxidation.
In harsh marine environments, both a nickel layer and a chromium layer are often applied to steel.Generally, layers of 40 to 150 micrometers thick are applied.Sometimes solid stainless steel rods are used.For low-stress applications, high-quality stainless steel such as AISI 316 can be used.Other stainless steels, such as AISI 431, can also be used where higher stresses exist but lower corrosion concerns.
Ceramic Coatings
Due to the shortcomings of metallic materials, ceramic coatings were developed.Initially ceramic protection schemes seemed ideal, but porosity was higher than anticipated.Recently, corrosion-resistant semi-ceramic Lunac 2+ coatings have been introduced.These hard coatings are non-porous and do not have high brittleness.
Hydraulic Cylinder Lengths
Piston rods are generally available in cut lengths to suit the application.Because common rods have a mild or mild steel core, their ends can be welded or machined for threading.
Hydraulic Cylinder Calculation
The necessary calculations can be made quickly with the applications we have prepared for hydraulic cylinder power calculation and hydraulic cylinder speed calculation. You can use the links below for hydraulic cylinder calculation.
Google Playstore Hydraulic Cylinder Account
Apple Store Hydraulic Cylinder Calculation
https://apps.apple.com/tr/app/hidroman-hidrolik-hesaplay%C4%B1c%C4%B1/id6473790750?l=tr+